Buddhism, jainism, saivism and vaishnavism yes, saivism and vaishnavism were separate religions back then, atleast thats what history says. In fact, rajendra chola i was the first indian king to take his armies overseas and make conquests of these territories, even though there is epigraphical evidence of pallava presence in these very areas, but it is not known that burma and indochina were subordinate to them, as they were under rajendra and his successors up to kulothunga chola i. Kulothunga chola ii was a 12thcentury king of the chola dynasty of the tamil people of south. Kulothunga chola ii grandson of kulothunga chola i. Rajendra chozha is all sons died in different war fronts within few decades of rajendras death. Yadava prakaasa wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Kulothunga chola ii was a 12th century king of the chola dynasty of the tamil people of south india. This is evident in the inscription of ashoka the great ashoka major rock editict no. It encompasses the lower reaches of the kaveri river and its delta, and formed the cultural homeland and political base of the chola dynasty which ruled most of south india and parts of sri lanka and southeast asia between the 9th and th centuries ad.
Samacheer kalvi 7th social science history solutions term. This dynasty was the product of decades of alliances based on marriages between the cholas and the eastern chalukyas based in vengi and produced some of the greatest chola emperors such as kulothunga chola i 10701120 c. The village was known as umbalapadi even before the reign of rajaraja chola but got the name of edhirili chozhanallur during the regnal years of kulothunga chola ii 1,3 ad 1,150 ad. The myth of kulotthunga cholas persecution of vaishnavas indias. The tamil chola king kuloththunga chola ii ii was known as kirumi kanda cholan. Students can download social science history chapter 3 emergence of new kingdoms in south india. Chola dynasty tamil was a tamil dynasty which was one of the longestruling dynasties in southern india. Of all chola kings,only one king kulottunga chola ii did not. Kulothunga chola but their descendants survived through two different branches stemming from the many sons of rajadhiraja chola i and the six sons of rajendra chola ii for. Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii count his reign from 13 ce kulothunga ii reigned over a period of general peace and good governance. The cholas under kulothunga chola iii collaborated to the herald the. The chola dynasty was a tamil dynasty of southern india, one of the longestruling dynasties in the worlds history.
Kulothunga chola iii known as a chakravarti was the ruler of the chola empire from 1178 to 1218 ce, after succeeding rajadhiraja chola ii. The response for the work was so tremendous among saiva scholars and kulothunga chola ii that it was included as the 12th tirumurai. The history of the chola dynasty has inspired many tamil authors to produce literary and artistic creations during the last several decades. Gangaikonda cholapuram project gutenberg selfpublishing. Kulothunga chola ii was a 12thcentury king of the chola dynasty of the tamil. The stories show how shiva often tested his devotees of their devotion. Ramanuja standardized the liturgy at these temples and increased the standing and the membership of the srivaishnava school of thought. Why did the historical conflict between vaishnavism and.
We know of the names of two of the queens of kulothunga ii. As one of the three crowned kings of tamilakam, along with the chera and pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over. Chidambaram govindaraja perumal temple iskcon times. Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii. The book was serialised in the tamil periodical kalki during the mid1950s.
Is there any historical evidence for persecution of vaishnavaites by kulothunga chola ii. During his early reign he carried out a land survey and settlement as the basis of taxation. The first seven books were later called as tevaram, and the whole saiva canon, to which was added. Religious books on the vaishnava sect were mostly composed in sanskrit during this period. Kulothunga chola iii gained success in war against his traditional foes. Kulothunga chola ii was one of the great chola kings who maintained the status of chola empire on the indian subcontinent.
He did not belong to the main line of cholas but was rather a prince of the eastern chalukya dynasty. There is ample evidence, from the inscriptions, that kulothunga ii was a religious fanatic who wanted to upset the camaraderie between hindu faiths in the chola country. He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title kulottunga, literally meaning the exalter of his race in sanskrit. Next lets talk of the guruvayur temple in kerala, thrissur district.
For instance, king kulothunga chola ii ordered to uproot govindaraja swamy from thillai nataraja temple a. Kulothunga chola ii wikimili, the free encyclopedia. His long reign was marked by kulothunga s abilities to bring order in the besieged kingdom and by his successes in. Parantaka ii was also known by the name madhurantakan sundara chola. Kulothunga chola iii ruled the chola empire after rajadhiraja chola ii. He was made his heir apparent and coregent in 1146 and so the inscriptions of rajaraja ii count his reign from 1146. Kulothunga chola ii was a 12thcentury king of the chola dynasty of the tamil people of south india. To go beyond good and evil as nietzsche hoped in one of his books, one must. The earliest datable references to the chola are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bce left by ashoka, of the maurya empire ashoka major rock edict no. As there were no direct descendents of vijayalaya chozha left, kulothunga rajendras nephew from eastern chalukya kingdom called. The chief queen was tyagavalli, also known as buvanamulududaiyal.
Kulothunga ii preferred to live in chidambaram rather than the royal capital at gangaikonda cholapuram. The latter finds mention in the vaishnava guruparampara and is said to have been a. He succeeded his father vikrama chola to the throne in 15 ce. Otherwise, kulothunga ii is known to have been popular as evidenced by sekkilars work periyapuranam.
The last phase of chola history as well as of chola art and. He also financed the elaborate renovation of the shiva temple in chidambaram. Kulothunga chola iii, the successor of rajadhiraja chola ii dates his reign from 1178 ce in his inscriptions, though rajadhiraja chola ii lived up to 1182 ad. Athirajendra chola project gutenberg selfpublishing. In the third century bce, the cholas rose into the power of tamil territory. Raja raja chola i project gutenberg selfpublishing. Kulothunga chola ii was himself an ardent devotee of siva in the form of nataraja in chidambaram.
It is found in his inscriptions as well in the poeting tribute kulothunga cholan ula. He gained victories in war against the hoysalas, pandyas of madurai, cheras of venad, the sinhala kings of eelam, as well as the chodas of velanadu and nellore. Sundara chola project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. There were clashes between saivism and vaishnavism. Kulothunga chola ii chidambaram temple as seen in 19. This book says ramanuja brought back rama image looted by delhi sultans.
This book identifies the krimikantha chola with kulothunga chola i. Sekkilar opus became the twelfth book in the saiva canon. Later cholas and pandyas questions and answers, notes pdf, samacheer kalvi 7th social science book solutions guide pdf helps you to revise the complete tamilnadu state board new syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. My question is, is there any evidence that the cholan king persecuted vaishnavites. Parantaka chola ii 957970 ce ruled for about twelve years. From 1070 ad till 1279 ad, is the period assigned to the later cholas. Rajaraja chola ii succeeded his father kulothunga chola ii to the chola throne in 1150. Rajaraja chola ii tamil succeeded his father kulothunga chola ii to the chola throne in 1150. With the death of athirajendra chola son of virarajendra chola, the chola dynasty of vijayalaya chola rule came to an end suppressed by the rule of rajiga chalukya a. Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii count his reign from 13 ce. He celebrated his coronation in that city, as chidambaram is one of five places where chola princes were crowned as kings. Kulothunga chola iii also known as a chakravarti was the ruler of the chola empire from 1178 to 1218 ce, after succeeding rajadhiraja chola ii. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this. Of the various titles kulothunga had, anapayawas perhaps his most favourite.
Great living chola temples wikimili, the best wikipedia. Kulothunga was hell bent on routing out vaishnavism from his kingdom. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Rajarajas reign began to show signs of the coming end of the dynasty. Vikrama chola made kulothunga his heir apparent and coregent in 13 ce, so the inscriptions of kulothunga ii count his reign from 13. This chronology identifies the chola king with kulothunga chola ii, who reigned from 1350 and was also arguably known for his persecution of vaisnavites. The colas, university of madras, madras reprinted 1984. Ravikirti a jain, the court poet of pulakesin ii composed the aihole inscription. Ancient origins articles related to kulothunga in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Hounds of shivaby preetha rajah kannan is a collection of short stories of the sixty three nayanmars, the true shiva devotees or in this case, the hounds of shiva. Virarajendra chola defeated someshvara ii of the western chalukya empire and made an. Ramanuja, who was a srivaishnavite, might have faced threats from some shaivite chola rulers who were religiously intolerant.
He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title kulottunga, literally meaning the exalter of his race. The chola dynasty was one of the longestruling powers in world history which were the tamil dynasty in southern india. Chakravarti kulottunga choladeva also spelt kulothunga. Kulothunga chola and demolition of govindaraja temple. I think people in our country became aware of the differences between shaiva and vaishnava theologies after the movie dasavataram by the famous actor kamal hassan. He was the son of vikrama chola and he succeeded his father in 15 a. Vaishnavism pancaratra ganapatya theravada mahayana. Journal of south asian studies esci journals publishing.
His mothers name was kalyani, a princes from the clan of vaidumbas. Kulothunga chola iii gained success in war against his traditional foes, he gained victories in war against the hoysalas, pandyas of madurai, cheras of venad, the sinhala kings of eelam, as well as the chodas of velanadu and nellore. Is there any historical evidence for persecution of vaishnavaites by. Vishnu vardhana brother of pulakesin ii was the founder of the eastern chalukya empire of vengi. The later chola dynasty ruled the chola empire from 1070 c. Rajadhiraja chola ii was kulothunga chola iiis guardian and he made him his coregent while he was still very young. Kulothunga was a great devotee of the shiva shrine of chidambaram. The earliest datable references to this tamil dynasty are in inscriptions from the 3rd century bc left by. A history of the chola dynasty of india india tour a. Cauvery delta is a region of tamil nadu state in southern india.
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